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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">REA Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>REA Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">3042-2264</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3042-2264</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>REA Press</publisher-name>
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    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.22105/raise.v1i2.43</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>Data envelopment analysis, Fixed cost allocation, Undesirable outputs.</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Fixed Cost Allocation in the Presence of  Undesirable Outputs in DEA</article-title><subtitle>Fixed Cost Allocation in the Presence of  Undesirable Outputs in DEA</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Gerami </surname>
		<given-names>Javad </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Mathematics, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Eftekharian Jahromi</surname>
		<given-names>Maryam </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Mathematics, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2024 REA Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>Fixed Cost Allocation in the Presence of  Undesirable Outputs in DEA</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			In this paper, we present a fixed cost allocation plan based on a Directional Distance Function (DDF) model in the presence of undesirable outputs in Data Envelopment Enalysis (DEA). The use of a DDF help for the accommodation of undesirable indicators in their original form.  We propose a fixed cost allocation based on the the principle of full-efficient mechanism. This approach guarantees that the efficiency scores of Decision-Making Units (DMUs) will be equql to one after the allocation of fixed cost. By choosing different direction vectors, we can flexibly change the fixed cost allocation plan and the cost allocated to the units will also change. The proposed fixed cost allocation plan allocated cost among efficient and inefficient units. We illustrate the results of the proposed approach with a numerical example, and the results of the models are presented.
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
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